As of the date of writing, November 2024, 38.01 million men and 31.24 million women work in Japan, so women account for about 45% of the total. However, the male employment rate ranks third among OECD countries, while the female employment rate ranks 13th. Over half (53.1%) of female workers are so-called non-regular workers, such as part-time or dispatched workers (versus only about 22.5% of male workers) (see the 2023 Labour Force Survey).
In the home, women also bear a heavy burden: 80.2% of employed women have taken childcare leave, while only 17% of men have done so, which means that women still play a major role in childcare in 21st century Japan.
It is clear that this situation is undesirable for improving women’s human rights. Further, Japan is now facing changes in various social and economic conditions, including a rapidly declining birth rate and aging population, including those of working age. For instance, the working-age population (15–64 years old) declined from 86.22 million in 2000 to 75.09 million in 2020; and it is estimated that it will decline further to 59.78 million by 2040. In terms of improving the country’s economy, women who want to work should be encouraged to demonstrate...
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