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Monday, May 18, 2026

German Works Councils and Digital Platform Work - Littler Mendelson P.C.

Digital labor platforms, app-based work models, and remote workforces are shaping employment structures far beyond Europe. A recent decision by Germany’s highest labor court clarifies how traditional employee representation rules apply even in highly digitalized environments. For U.S.-based platform companies operating internationally, this ruling offers valuable insights into how local labor law concepts may continue to apply despite centralized, tech-driven management structures.

In its decision dated 28 January 2026 (reference no. 7 ABR 23/24), the Federal Labor Court (“BAG”) clarified that the fundamental principles of German works constitution law continue to apply unchanged even to digitally managed working relationships – particularly within the platform economy. Specifically, this means that even where so-called platform work is largely organized and carried out via an app, a separate works council may be elected for a spatially delineated unit only if that unit qualifies as an establishment or an autonomous establishment section within the meaning of the Works Constitution Act (“BetrVG”). This requires the existence of an independent organizational management function or at least a sufficient degree of organizational autonomy.

Background

The employer, an internationally operating delivery service active throughout Germany that runs a platform connecting restaurants with potential customers and enabling customers to order food from those restaurants, maintains...



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