At a glance

• The central government has consolidated 29 Central labour legislation on wages, industrial relations, social security and occupational safety, welfare and working conditions into four Labour Codes.
• The four codes are: The Code on Wages 2019, the Code on Social Security 2020, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020, and the Industrial Relations Code 2020.
• The Labour Codes are in effect from 21 November 2025. The central and state-specific rules under the Labour Codes are expected to be enforced in the coming 45 days.

We would like to express gratitude to JSA for their contribution on this publication.

On 21 November 2025, the government of India (GOI), through an unforeseen announcement by way of a press release (Notification), notified the Code on Wages, 2019 (Wage Code), the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (IR Code), the Code on Social Security, 2020 (SS Code) and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020 (OSH Code, collectively with the Wage Code, IR Code and SS Code, the Labour Codes). The GOI announced that the immediate implementation of the Labour Codes is intended to modernise the labour workforce in line with the ethos of Aatmanirbhar Bharat. All four Labour Codes are effective from 21 November 2025 (Effective Date), however, certain provisions of some of the Labour Codes are yet to be brought into effect.

The Labour Codes

Set out below are the legislations subsumed within the Labour Codes.

Labour...

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