During the last eight years, a monumental transformation of the labour justice system in Mexico has taken place. New labour reform legislation went into effect in 2023, which guaranteed basic labour rights, including secret ballot votes during union elections. The new system is significantly more representative, impartial, transparent and democratic.

The profundity of the change in the Mexican labour law regime cannot be overstated. Although labour protections and standards in the U.S. and Canada leave much to be desired, workers' rights to organize and negotiate collective bargaining agreements have historically been limited in Mexico. “Ghost” unions aligned with the government and employers were ubiquitous. Independent and democratic unions have been thwarted by widespread state interference, voter intimidation and retaliation.

Low wages and exploitation by corporations, particularly in the maquiladora industry (low-wage factories that assemble goods for export to the U.S.), resulted in significantly lower standards of living and fewer labour rights and protections for Mexican workers. These widespread practices prevent workers in Mexico from organizing to improve low wages and...

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