The story so far: On November 21, Union Labour Minister Mansukh Mandaviya announced the implementation of four Labour Codes — the Code on Wages, 2019, Industrial Relations Code, 2020, Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code, 2020. Parliament had passed these codes between 2019 and 2020.
As labour is in the concurrent list, both the States and Centre have the power to makes Rules. The Centre published draft Rules for each code between July 7, 2020 and November 19, 2020; and as on July 2025, 32 States and Union Territories have also pre-published draft Rules under the four Labour Codes. According to a statement in Parliament during the last Monsoon session, West Bengal and Lakshadweep have not pre-published draft Rules under any Labour Codes. Delhi has pre-published draft Rules only under the Code on Wages. Tamil Nadu is yet to pre-publish draft Rules under the Code on Social Security. The Centre stated that the delay in implementing the Rules was mostly because of the lag in States.
The Code on Wages repeals the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976. The Industrial Relations Code amalgamates the Trade Unions Act, 1926, the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 and the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Code on Social Security nullifies nine Acts including the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923, the Maternity Benefit...
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