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From 1976 to 2021, a major labour market trend in Canada has been an increase in the proportion of mothers in employment. Despite this increase, mothers continue to have a lower employment rate than men (both with and without children), as well as women without children. The level of education has an impact on the employment rate of mothers—mothers with a high school diploma or less have a lower employment rate than mothers with a university degree.
This indicator compares the employment rates of mothers and fathers aged 20 to 49 with the rates of women and men without children in the same age group. In the context of measuring the quality of employment, the indicator may highlight the distribution of care responsibilities between mothers and fathers, as well as the impact of having children on employment.
The indicator defines mothers and fathers as persons aged 20 to 49 living with their own children 17 years or younger. All analyses are based on annual estimates from the Labour Force Survey (LFS).
Public health measures introduced to reduce the spread of COVID-19 resulted in a decrease in labour demand, employment losses, and notable declines in the employment rates of parents and non-parents during the spring of 2020. Employment rates recovered among both parents and non-parents over the remainder of 2020 and 2021, and by 2021 the employment rates of mothers (76.5%) and fathers (91.8%) had largely returned to their 2019 levels. Despite also bouncing back in...
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