Workers’ rights in the United States have long been challenged. But the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), established after Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act in 1935, has been a constant force for labor protection and conflict resolution.

In January, President Trump dismissed NLRB board member and chairman Gwynne Wilcox, a Biden appointee, and Jennifer Abruzzo, its general counsel. Wilcox sued and was reinstated last week by Judge Beryl Howell of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, who wrote that the “President does not have the authority to terminate members of the National Labor Relations Board at will, and his attempt to fire plaintiff from her position on the Board was a blatant violation of the law.” But with the recent firings, more than personnel changes may be at issue.

Here, labor law expert William Gould IV, a professor of law emeritus and former NLRB chairman, discusses the case—and how it sets the stage for a Supreme Court argument, which could challenge the constitutionality of the NLRB and the Act itself. This case could upend a system that, Gould says, “stands as an impartial beacon where both labor and management can have confidence and respect for integrity and well-reasoned decision making.”

Why was NLRB member Gwynne Wilcox’s firing significant?

The firing of board member and Chairman Gwynne Wilcox was significant because her position is quasi-judicial with a specific term of office. When Congress enacted the 1935...

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