A small but growing number of employees are asking for cryptocurrency as a form of compensation. Whether a substitute for wages or as part of an incentive package, offering cryptocurrency as compensation has become a way for some companies to differentiate themselves from others. In a competitive labor market, this desire to provide innovative forms of compensation is understandable. But any company thinking about cryptocurrency needs to be aware of the risks involved, including regulatory uncertainties and market volatility.
The federal Fair Labor Standards Act requires employers to pay minimum and overtime wages in “cash or negotiable instrument payable at par.” This has long been interpreted to include only fiat currencies—monies backed by a governmental authority. As non-fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies therefore fall outside the FLSA’s definition of “cash or negotiable instrument.” As a result, an employer who chooses to pay minimum and/or overtime wages in cryptocurrency may violate the FLSA by failing to pay workers with an accepted form of compensation.
In addition, various state laws make the form of wage payment question even more difficult. For example, Maryland requires payment in United States currency or by check that “on demand is convertible at face value into United States currency.” Pennsylvania requires that wages shall be made in “lawful money of the United States or check.” And California prohibits...
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