Introduction
In July 2025, the Department for Business and Trade in Great Britain published a research report (hereinafter “Report”) by Grant Thornton UK LLP (hereinafter referred to as the “reviewers”) on the effectiveness of the whistleblowing Framework within the UK.1 The Report focused on the legal, practical, and social elements of whistleblowing in the UK (hereinafter referred to as the “Framework” and cited as “WBF”). It analyzed literature and interviewed parties to determine the perceptions towards and research surrounding the Framework. Additionally, the reviewers then published a series of recommendations for improving the Framework based on its research findings (hereinafter cited as “WBF Appendices”).2 In summary, the Report found that the Framework for whistleblowers in the UK marks an important start to creating an effective cultural and legal environment for whistleblowers, but requires significant improvement, evidenced in part by the extent of the recommendations by the reviewers.
Legal Background
The Framework, as explored in the Report, consists of four pieces of legislation and a series of legal and extralegal processes. Of principal importance is the 1998 Public Interest Disclosure Act (PIDA), which outlines legal protections for whistleblowers who make qualified disclosures regarding wrongdoing.3 PIDA itself amended a 1996 law, the Employment Rights Act, and was amended in 2013 by the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act, building upon PIDA.4...
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