Under Turkish law, journalists are subject to Law No. 5953 on Arrangement of Relations Between Employers and Employees in the Field of Press (the Press Labour Law), which sets out the terms and conditions of their employment.

The former wording of article 1 of the Press Labour Law stated that the law covered:

• those who work in any kind of intellectual or artistic works at news and photo agencies, periodical publications and newspapers published in Turkey and those who fall outside the definition of "worker" under the Turkish Labour Law; and
• their employers.

Those who work, for a salary, at intellectual and artistic works that fall under the scope of the Press Labour Law are defined as "journalists".

Settled precedents of the Court of Cassation stressed that, despite the fact that a newspaper must be published and reproduced, the physical printing and distribution of newspapers are not a requirement given the current stage of technology and communication today. In this regard, the Court of Cassation considered the employees working for electronic newspapers to be journalists.

On 18 October 2022, the Law Amending the Press Labour Law and Certain Laws No. 7418 (the Amendment Law) was published in the Official Gazette No. 31987. Article 1 of the Amendment Law amended article 1 of the Press Labour Law and included "internet news site" within the scope of the law.

The parliamentary bill of the Amendment Law and the reports of the Digital Media Commission and the Justice...

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