Feature

In Spain, there are three main food delivery platforms operating in the market: Glovo (by far the largest in the country, headquartered in Barcelona), Just Eat, and Uber Eats - each of them have reacted differently to the country's 2021 Rider Law

In 2021, Spain passed the ‘ley rider’ (rider law), classifying food courier workers as employees, rather than self-employed contractors, as well as setting rules for how algorithms can be used in the workplace.

While the law is seen at the forefront of addressing issues of false self-employment and algorithmic control in the rapidly growing food delivery platform sector, Fernando García, a Glovo food delivery worker affiliated with the collective Riders X Derechos, describes to EUobserver a long story of struggle for rights within the sector.

As EU member states transpose the EU’s Platform Work directive into national law, the experience following the Spanish Rider Law reveals the challenges in adapting to an economy increasingly impacted by algorithmically managed digital platforms.

Continued ‘bogus’ self-employment

Food delivery workers in Spain, referred to as ‘Riders’, established a collective called Riders X Derechos (Riders X Rights) in 2017 to mobilise against what they described as exploitative conditions, including companies being able to deactivate accounts seemingly without recourse, and opaque algorithms determining their pay.

At the centre of the struggle was the designation of workers as ‘self-employed...

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