2. Demographic concentration
Tables 1 and 2 present the top five jobs that selected demographic groups work in overall, thus demonstrating how occupation contributes to a group’s overall economic security. For example, 18 percent of Hispanic or Latina women work in five occupations that pay an average wage of $23,196, while 14 percent of white men work in five occupations that pay an average wage of $59,670.
Table 1
Table 2
Government at all levels must address occupational segregation by both raising the floor and making the ceiling more accessible. First, policy solutions must improve the quality of all jobs, particularly those where marginalized workers are overrepresented. This ensures that jobs are not devalued due to the composition of the sector’s workers. Policymakers can increase the quality of low-wage work in a variety of ways, including raising the minimum wage;48 ending the tipped minimum wage and subminimum wage;49 enhancing collective bargaining access and protections; and ensuring all workers have access to paid medical and family leave.50 Second, policymakers and government at all levels must diversify high-quality jobs to allow underrepresented workers to succeed in those roles. This can be done through ensuring equitable access to secondary and postsecondary education,51 workforce development,52 and apprenticeship programs;53 strengthening anti-harassment54 and anti-discrimination measures and enforcement; passing paycheck fairness laws; and setting...
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