On 22 June 2025, the Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA) (HB 149) was signed into law by Governor Greg Abbott.1 TRAIGA takes effect on 1 January 2026.
Originally introduced in late 2024 as HB 1709 and touted as the most comprehensive pieces of artificial intelligence (AI) legislation in the country (the Original Bill),2 TRAIGA, in its final form, significantly reduces the law’s regulatory scheme—eliminating most of the private sector obligations contained in the Original Bill and focusing on government agencies’ use of AI systems and the use of AI for certain, limited purposes, such as social scoring and to manipulate human behavior to incite violence, self-harm, or engage in criminal activities.
TRAIGA regulates those who (1) deploy or develop “artificial intelligence systems” in the Texas; (2) produce a product or service used by Texas residents; or (3) promote, advertise, or conduct business in the state.
Under TRAIGA, “artificial intelligence system” means “any machine-based system that, for any explicit or implicit objective, infers from the inputs the system receives how to generate outputs, including content, decisions, predictions, or recommendations, that can influence physical or virtual environments.”
Although this definition is broad, the obligations TRAIGA imposes on private employers are much more limited than in the Original Bill.
Under TRAIGA, covered...
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