Key takeaways:
- So far this year, at least 13 states have introduced bills weakening child labor protections, and four have enacted them.
- Meanwhile, only three states have introduced bills to strengthen standards in 2026, compared with 15 in 2025.
- Industry-backed attacks on child labor standards have followed four troubling trends: 1) lowering minimum wages for teen workers; 2) weaponizing “youth apprenticeships”; 3) eliminating youth permits; and 4) weakening safeguards for teen child care workers.
- The Trump administration has undermined federal enforcement of child labor standards, even amid rising violations.
- Oregon enshrined current federal child labor standards into state law, offering a replicable model for states to hold the line against potential federal rollbacks.
Many state lawmakers took encouraging steps in 2023 and 2024 to strengthen their child labor standards—in response to high-profile reporting of widespread child labor violations across the U.S. and simultaneous efforts to weaken state child labor standards in the wake of COVID-19. But trends in 2026 suggest that this momentum may be waning despite continued increases in child labor violations. Meanwhile, opponents of strong child labor standards have continued to erode state standards and—in effect—chip away at the basis for federal standards, which have also come under threat.
In fiscal year 2025, more cases of federal child labor violations were uncovered than during any other year since the Great...
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