HELSINKI -- The battle against fake news in Finland starts in preschool classrooms.

For decades, the Nordic nation has woven media literacy, including the ability to analyze different kinds of media and recognize disinformation, into its national curriculum for students as young as 3 years old. The coursework is part of a robust anti-misinformation program to make Finns more resistant to propaganda and false claims, especially those crossing over the 830-mile border with neighboring Russia.

Now, teachers are tasked with adding artificial intelligence literacy to their curriculum, especially after Russia stepped up its disinformation campaign across Europe following its full-scale invasion of Ukraine nearly four years ago. Finland's ascension into NATO in 2023 also provoked Moscow's ire, though Russia has repeatedly denied it interferes in the internal affairs of other countries.

"We think that having good media literacy skills is a very big civic skill," Kiia Hakkala, a pedagogical specialist for the City of Helsinki, told The Associated Press. "It's very important to the nation's safety and to the safety of our democracy."

At Tapanila Primary School, in a quiet neighborhood north of Helsinki, teacher Ville Vanhanen taught a group of fourth graders how to spot fake news. As a TV screen beamed a "Fact or Fiction?" banner, student Ilo Lindgren evaluated the prompt.

"It is a little bit hard," the 10-year-old admitted.

Vanhanen said his students have been learning about fake...

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